11/11/2023 0 Comments Laminar flow examplesThe bottom plate is held fixed, while the top plate is moved to the right, dragging fluid with it. Two parallel plates have the specific fluid between them. Which one travels faster? Why?įigure 12.13 shows how viscosity is measured for a fluid. Try dropping simultaneously two sticks into a flowing river, one near the edge of the river and one near the middle. We shall concentrate on laminar flow for the remainder of this section, leaving certain aspects of turbulence for later sections. The drag both between adjacent layers of fluid and between the fluid and its surroundings forms swirls and eddies, if the speed is great enough. First, any obstruction or sharp corner, such as in a faucet, creates turbulence by imparting velocities perpendicular to the flow. Streamlines are smooth and continuous when flow is laminar, but break up and mix when flow is turbulent. The lines that are shown in many illustrations are the paths followed by small volumes of fluids. When there is turbulence, the layers mix, and there are significant velocities in directions other than the overall direction of flow. Layers flow without mixing when flow is laminar. (credit: Creativity103)įigure 12.12 shows schematically how laminar and turbulent flow differ. Most kinds of fluid flow are turbulent, except for laminar flow at the leading edge of solids moving relative to fluids or extremely close to solid surfaces, such as the inside wall of a pipe, or in cases of fluids of high viscosity (relatively great sluggishness) flowing slowly through small channels. If you watch the smoke (being careful not to breathe on it), you will notice that it rises more rapidly when flowing smoothly than after it becomes turbulent, implying that turbulence poses more resistance to flow. The smooth flow is called laminar flow, whereas the swirls and eddies typify turbulent flow. Figure 12.11 Smoke rises smoothly for a while and then begins to form swirls and eddies.
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